A solar power generation system is a device system that uses battery components to directly convert solar energy into electrical energy. Under the condition of light, the solar cell module generates a certain electromotive force, and the solar cell square array is formed through the series and parallel connection of the modules, so that the voltage of the square array meets the requirement of the system input voltage. The photovoltaic system is composed of solar cell arrays, battery packs, charge and discharge controllers, inverters, AC power distribution cabinets, automatic solar tracking systems, automatic solar module dust removal systems and other equipment.

Composition of solar photovoltaic power generation system

The photovoltaic system is composed of solar cell arrays, battery packs, charge and discharge controllers, inverters, AC power distribution cabinets, automatic solar tracking systems, automatic solar module dust removal systems and other equipment. The functions of each part of the equipment are:

1. Solar cells

In the case of light (whether it is sunlight or light produced by other luminous bodies), the battery absorbs light energy, and the accumulation of charges of opposite signs occurs at both ends of the battery, which generates "photovoltaic voltage", which is the "photovoltaic effect"" Under the action of the photovoltaic effect, the two ends of the solar cell generate electromotive force, which converts light energy into electrical energy, and is an energy conversion device. Solar cells are generally silicon cells, which are divided into monocrystalline silicon solar cells, polycrystalline silicon solar cells and non-crystalline silicon solar cells. There are three types of crystalline silicon solar cells.

Raw material characteristics:

Cells: Encapsulated with high-efficiency (above 16.5%) monocrystalline silicon solar cells to ensure sufficient power generation by solar panels.

Glass: Low-iron toughened suede glass (also known as white glass) with a thickness of 3.2mm and a light transmittance of over 91% within the wavelength range (320-1100nm) of the solar cell's spectral response, for infrared light greater than 1200 nm Has a high reflectivity. At the same time, the glass can withstand the radiation of the sun's ultraviolet rays, and the light transmittance does not decrease.

EVA: Use a high-quality EVA film layer with a thickness of 0.78mm added with anti-ultraviolet agent, antioxidant and curing agent as the sealant of solar cells and the connection agent with glass and TPT. It has high light transmittance and anti-aging ability.

TPT: The back cover of the solar cell—the fluoroplastic film is white and reflects sunlight, so the efficiency of the module is slightly improved, and because of its high infrared emissivity, it can also reduce the operating temperature of the module, and also It is beneficial to improve the efficiency of the components. Of course, the fluoroplastic film firstly has basic requirements such as aging resistance, corrosion resistance, and airtightness required by solar cell packaging materials.

Frame: The aluminum alloy frame used has high strength and strong mechanical shock resistance. It is also the most valuable part of home solar power generation.

2. Battery pack

Its function is to store the electric energy emitted by the solar cell square array when it is illuminated and can supply power to the load at any time. The basic requirements for the battery pack used in solar cell power generation are: a. low self-discharge rate; b. long service life; c. strong deep discharge capability; d. high charging efficiency; e. less maintenance or maintenance-free; Wide range; g. Low price. At present, the batteries used in conjunction with solar power generation systems in my country are mainly lead-acid batteries and nickel-cadmium batteries. For lead-acid batteries above 200Ah, fixed or industrial sealed maintenance-free lead-acid batteries are generally selected, and the rated voltage of each battery is 2VDC; for lead-acid batteries below 20OAh, small-scale sealed maintenance-free lead-acid batteries are generally used, each Only the rated voltage of the battery is 12VDC.

3. Charge and discharge controller

It is a device that can automatically prevent the battery from overcharging and over-discharging. Since the cycle charge and discharge times and discharge depth of the battery are important factors that determine the service life of the battery, a charge and discharge controller that can control the overcharge or overdischarge of the battery pack is an essential device.

4. Inverter

A device that converts direct current into alternating current. Since solar cells and batteries are DC power sources and the load is AC loads, an inverter is essential. According to the operation mode, inverters can be divided into independent operation inverters and grid-connected inverters. Stand-alone inverters are used in stand-alone solar cell power generation systems to supply power to independent loads. Grid-connected inverters are used in grid-connected solar cell power generation systems. Inverters can be divided into square wave inverters and sine wave inverters according to the output waveform. The square wave inverter circuit is simple, the cost is low, but the harmonic component is large, and it is generally used in systems with a few hundred watts or less and low harmonic requirements. Sine wave inverters are expensive, but can be applied to various loads.

Inverter protection functions: a, overload protection; b, short circuit protection; c, reverse connection protection; d, undervoltage protection; e, overvoltage protection; f, overheating protection.

5. AC power distribution cabinet

Its main function in the power station system is to switch the backup inverter to ensure the normal power supply of the system, and also to measure the power of the line.

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