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There are many reasons why batteries fail prematurely. The main failure reasons of a lead acid battery are listed below.
1. Internal short circuit.
The battery-plates are the key to battery service life, and the chemical reactions required for the battery to work slowly corrode them. It leads to one of the most common causes of battery failure: internal short circuit. It happens when the plates touch each other inside the battery.
2. Working in extreme ambient temperature.
Batteries are designed to be installed and used in applications that are typically close to room temperature, typically around 77 degrees. Continued use or storage in extremely hot or cold environments can cause the battery to fail prematurely. Repeated cycling from full charge to full discharge and back to full results in loss of active material on the positive plate, reducing the capacity and lifespan of the battery.
3. Overcharging & Undercharging.
Overcharging the battery can cause the battery to overheat and gas escape, which can lead to reduced active material on the plates and even warp the plates as lamination. You would think that if overcharging is bad, then undercharging is good, right? Incorrect. Undercharging a battery can lead to sulfation, which results in reduced power output that cannot be repaired under normal charging conditions.
4. Excessive vibration.
Some batteries, like AGM, are better than others in terms of vibration resistance, but all have limitations. Excessive vibration and harsh conditions can cause loose connections, damage to internal components, and damage to the housing. Most batteries are designed for specific applications. Using the battery for an unintended purpose may result in a shortened lifespan.
5. Long time storage as SKU.
Improper storage of batteries when not in use can shorten battery life. Each battery loses charge when idle, about 2-3% per month. This is called self-discharge. When storing batteries for long periods of time, you should use a battery maintainer whenever possible to keep your batteries healthy.
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