UPS uninterruptible power supply

UPS is called an Uninterruptible Power Supply because it can quickly switch to the "inversion" state during a power outage, so that the computer in use will not lose important files due to a sudden power outage that cannot be stored in the future. It is not used as a backup power supply. If you just want to use electricity when there is a power outage, just buying an inverter is enough. Most household UPSs use maintenance-free lead-acid batteries. Ideally, in order to prolong UPS battery life, the battery should always be kept on "float" charge or constant voltage charge.

Introduction

Charging

1. When floating charging, please use the charging voltage of 2.275V/cell (the setting value at 20°C) for constant voltage charging or constant current charging with a current below 0.002CA. When the temperature is below 0C or above 40C, it is necessary to correct the charging voltage. For every degree of change from 20C as the starting point, the single-cell voltage changes by -3mv.

2. During cycle charging, the charging voltage is 2.40-2.50V/cell (the setting value at 20°C) for constant voltage charging. When charging at a temperature below 5C or above 35C, start at 20C, and adjust the charging voltage to -4mv/cell for every degree of change.

The initial charging current is controlled below 0.25CA.

The charging capacity is set to 100-120% of the discharging capacity, but when the ambient temperature is below 5C, set it to 120-130%.

The lower the temperature (below 5C), the longer the charging end time, and the higher the temperature (above 35C), the easier it is to overcharge, so it is better to charge within 5C ~ 30C, especially in cycle use.

To prevent overcharging, install a charging timer as much as possible, or automatically convert to a trickle charging method.

When charging, the battery temperature should be controlled within the range of -15C ~ +40C.

Discharge

When discharging, please control the battery temperature within the range of -15°C - +50°C.

Please control the continuous discharge current below 3CA (H below 6CA).

The end-of-discharge voltage varies with the magnitude of the current, roughly as follows. Note that when discharging, the voltage must not be lower than the following voltage.

Please charge it quickly after discharging. If you accidentally over-discharge, please charge it immediately.

Discharge current

Discharge cut-off voltage

Less than 0.2CA

1.75CA/single cell

More than 0.2CA and less than 0.5CA

1.70CA/single cell

More than 0.5CA and less than 1.0CA

1.55CA/single cell

1.0CA or more

1.30CA/single cell

Installation Notes

When installing the battery, be sure to observe the following:

1 Do not install the battery in a sealed space or near fire, otherwise there is a risk of explosion and fire.

2. Do not cover the battery with things that may cause static electricity, such as vinyl film. Sometimes it will cause an explosion when static electricity is generated.

3 Do not install the battery in a place where water may enter, otherwise there is a risk of electric shock or fire.

4 Please do not install the battery in an environment exceeding -40 °C~60 °C.

5. Do not use the battery in a place with dust, otherwise it may cause a short circuit of the battery.

6 When using the battery in the box, pay attention to air circulation.

7 Do not press the upper cover with sticky or label objects, because there is an exhaust valve under the upper cover, the gas generated in the battery will not escape.

8. The number of parallel connections - during float charging, plug-in terminal batteries can only be associated with up to three columns, and there is no special limit for bolt-on terminals, but the small number of parallel connections increases reliability. In addition, when wiring in parallel, it is necessary to consider that the wiring conductors and contact resistances between the columns are equal. In order to keep the charging and discharging batteries in each column balanced, please do not exceed three columns in actual use.

9 When using batteries with different capacities, new and old batteries, or different manufacturers, the battery and the machine may be damaged due to their different characteristic values, so please avoid using them.

Maintenance of UPS battery

Maintain a suitable ambient temperature

Generally speaking, the factor that affects battery life the most is the ambient temperature. Generally, the best ambient temperature required by battery manufacturers is between 20-25°C. Although the increase in temperature has improved the discharge capacity of the battery, the price paid is that the life of the battery is greatly shortened. As indicated by the test outcomes, when the natural temperature is over 25℃, the life of UPS will be diminished significantly for every 10℃ of increment. At present, the batteries used in UPS are generally maintenance-free sealed lead-acid batteries, and the design life is generally 5 years, which can only be achieved under the environment required by the battery manufacturer. If it fails to meet the specified environmental requirements, its life span will vary greatly. In addition, the increase of the ambient temperature will lead to the enhancement of the internal chemical activity of the battery, thereby generating a large amount of heat energy, which in turn will increase the temperature of the surrounding environment. This vicious circle will accelerate the shortening of the battery life.

Regular charging and discharging

The floating charge voltage and discharge voltage in the UPS power supply have been adjusted to the rated value at the factory, and the discharge current increases with the increase of the load. The load should be adjusted reasonably during use, such as controlling electronic equipment such as a microcomputer the number of units used. Under normal circumstances, the load should not exceed 60% of the rated load of the UPS. Within this range, the discharge current of the battery will not be over-discharged.

Because the UPS is connected to the mains for a long time, in the environment where the power supply quality is high and the mains power outage rarely occurs, the battery will be in a floating charge state for a long time, which will lead to a decrease in the activity of the mutual conversion of the chemical energy and electrical energy of the battery over time, and accelerate aging. And shorten the service life. Therefore, it should be fully discharged once every 2-3 months, and the discharge time can be determined according to the capacity of the battery and the size of the load. After a full load discharge, recharge for more than 8 hours according to the regulations.

Use the communication function

At present, the vast majority of large and medium-sized UPSs have operability such as communication with microcomputers and program control. Install the corresponding software on the microcomputer, connect the UPS through the serial/parallel port, run the program, and then use the microcomputer to communicate with the UPS. Generally, it has functions such as information query, parameter setting, timing setting, automatic shutdown and alarm. Through information query, you can obtain information such as mains input voltage, UPS output voltage, load utilization rate, battery capacity utilization rate, internal temperature, and mains frequency; through parameter setting, you can set the basic characteristics of the UPS, battery maintenance time and Battery run out warning, etc. Through these intelligent operations, the use and management of UPS power supply and its storage battery are greatly facilitated.

Replace dead/bad batteries in time

At present, the number of storage batteries equipped with large and medium-sized UPS power supplies ranges from 3 to 80, or even more. These single batteries are connected through a circuit to form a battery pack to meet the needs of UPS DC power supply. In the continuous operation and use of UPS, due to the difference in performance and quality, it is inevitable that the performance of individual batteries will decline, and the storage capacity will not meet the requirements and be damaged. When some/some batteries in the battery pack are damaged, maintenance personnel should check and test each battery to exclude damaged batteries. When replacing a new battery, you should try to buy the same type of battery from the same manufacturer, and it is forbidden to mix acid-proof batteries, sealed batteries, and batteries of different specifications.

Storage of the batteries

1. Please be careful not to exceed the temperature range of -20°C to +40°C during storage

2. When storing the battery, the battery must be stored in a fully charged state. As part of the capacity will be lost due to self-discharge during transportation or storage, please add electricity when using it.

3. In case of long-term storage, in order to compensate for the self-discharge during storage, please carry out supplementary electricity.When stored under the condition of over 40C, it will have a very bad effect on the battery life, please avoid it!

4. Please store in a dry, low-temperature, well-ventilated place.

5. If the battery packaging is accidentally wetted by water during storage or transfer, the packaging carton should be removed immediately to prevent the wet carton from becoming a conductors cause the battery to discharge or burn out the positive terminal.

Daily & regular maintenance

1. Check the battery regularly, and if you find dust and other appearance pollution, please clean it with a cloth soaked in water or warm water. Do not use gasoline, banana water and other organic solvents or oils for cleaning, and please avoid using chemical fiber cloth.

2. During floating charging, if the total voltage or the indicator value of the voltmeter on the indicator panel deviates from the reference value shown in the table below (±0.05V/cell), the cause should be investigated and dealt with.

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